Screening and identification of soybean varieties with high phosphorus efficiency at seedling stage

In order to simplify the workload and find a reliable method for screening soybeans with different phosphorus(P)efficiencies,47 soybean varieties were screened from 90 varieties according to yield under normal phosphorus,and 10 indicators including root phenotype,phosphorus utilization efficiency at the seedling stage and yield were measured.Through single-index cluster analysis,the performance value and relative value of the abovementioned indexes under low-phosphorus conditions were analyzed,and then,the combined indexes were analyzed by principal components method.The membership function method and the cluster analysis method was used to calculate and analyze the comprehensive score value.Three indexes of root P utilization efficiency(X₁),relative value of root P utilization efficiency(X₂),and root volume(X₃)under low P at the seedling stage were selected as the most consistent with the yield screening results under low P condition,and the mathematical model of the comprehensive score value was obtained:D=1.218X₁t 0.320X₂t 0.007X₃-0.664(P=0.000,R²=1.000).The comprehensive score can screen and identify the P efficiency of soybeans with fewer indexes in the early growth stages,which provides a more rapid and reliable mathematical model for screening and identifying a larger number of germplasm resources for P efficiency.     

农村互联网发展对中国玉米全要素生产率的影响

采用DEA-mamlquist指数测算2004—2019年中国17个玉米主产省(区)的全要素生产率,运用联立方程组模型实证检验农村互联网发展对玉米全要素生产率的影响及其作用机理,并分区域探讨其差异性。结果显示:2004—2019年中国玉米全要素生产率年均增长0.2%,主要依靠技术进步的单轨模式驱动。农村互联网的发展显著(P<0.01)提升玉米全要素生产率,主要依靠技术进步和技术效率的协同作用驱动。分区域来看,农村互联网发展对玉米全要素生产率均具有显著(P<0.01)的促进作用,其影响程度由高到低依次为北方春播玉米区>黄淮海平原夏播玉米区>西北灌溉玉米区>西南山地玉米区。建议进一步提高农村互联网的配套设施建设,发挥互联网“连接经济”的优势,应用多元化互联网技术,促进不同生态类型区玉米生产效率的提升。     

徐光启农书所载肥料与施肥技术研究

徐光启所著《农政全书》《徐光启手迹》二书中包含了大量有关肥料与施肥技术的内容,其中既有徐氏对明以前农书中提及的肥料技术经验的吸收,也有徐光启本人在前人基础上亲身实验得出的新的成果与感悟。从内容上看,与前代相比,徐氏书中所载的明代肥料种类有了很大增加,肥料主要成分也发生了明显变化。徐氏所总结的明代施肥技术具有因地制宜使用肥料、根据作物选择不同肥料、注意施肥适量、基肥与追肥搭配施肥等特点。     

智慧物流在饲料企业管理中的应用研究

饲料行业的竞争日益激烈,其需要学会使用现代科技提升竞争力,智慧物流就是这些技术之一。智慧物流可以提升饲料企业对原材料和产品在物流过程中的管控。本文试图探索智慧物流如何提升饲料企业的管理。通过智慧物流,饲料企业可以改进生产管理的流程和模式,加强采购管理中的风险管理,追踪产品售后的流向和信息,提升企业的产品质量,保证企业财务数据的真实性和可靠性。     

父母本不同行距配置对昆虫授粉效率的影响

为探讨昆虫为杂交大豆授粉的行为,提高授粉效率,以大豆细胞质雄性不育系JLCMS34A和保持系JLCMS34B为材料,研究父母本3种行距配置(T1、T2、T3)对昆虫授粉行为及产量构成的影响。结果表明:行距配置T2条件下昆虫授粉效率最高,母本单株粒数最多,为45.98个(2011年),与T1、T3差异达到显著水平,T3配置授粉效率最差,单株粒数最少,为32.06个(2012年),与T1、T2差异达到极显著水平。在吉林省洮南地区适当缩小父母本行距,增加母本间行距可有效促进昆虫授粉效率,提高结实率。     

沉淀法制备的紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率测定

采用沉淀法制备紫杉醇白蛋白微粒,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定紫杉醇质量浓度,以二氯甲烷为有机相,采用萃取法分离白蛋白微粒与游离药物,测定其包封率。结果表明:紫杉醇在10~100 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率可达到97.6%~101.0%;有机溶剂萃取法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率的平均回收率,达94.80%~101.67%。这种方法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒回收率准确可靠,适用于沉淀法制备的白蛋白微粒的包封率测定。     

水分与氮素及其互作对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响研究进展

了解水分、氮素及其互作对水稻产量与水、氮利用效率的影响,对协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率有重要意义。本文概述了水稻节水灌溉技术、氮肥利用效率与氮肥施用技术、水分与氮素对水稻产量及水氮利用效率的耦合效应、作物-土壤关系及水氮调控机制等方面取得的进展;讨论了存在的问题,这些问题包括:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应尚不明确;高产水稻水氮耦合与高效利用的分子机理不清楚;协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率的调控途径尚未掌握。针对这些问题,建议今后重点研究:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应及其机制;水氮互作调控水稻吸收利用水分和氮素的生理与分子机理;协同提高水稻产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术。     

上海水稻精量机械穴直播技术研究与应用

以上海地区主推水稻品种为材料,在精量机械穴直播条件下,开展了不同类型水稻品种的小区试验和示范,明确了精量机械穴直播水稻的生育特性、抗倒伏性、群体建成和产量表现,并分析了采用水稻精量机械穴直播后土壤的微生物群落结构的变化和水稻生产经济效益。试验示范结果表明,精量机械穴直播水稻生育期明显缩短,单株分蘖力强,群体结构合理,穗粒结构协调,干物质积累多,抗倒能力较强,增产优势明显,节本低耗,生产效率显著提高,是目前极具生产潜力的一种新型高效低耗种植模式,适合上海都市农业发展的需求,也顺应了水稻低碳种植发展趋势,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Herbage production,nutritive value and animal productivity within hardwood silvopasture,open and mixed pasture systems in Appalachia,United States

Demand for livestock food products is projected to increase dramatically through to 2050. Increased livestock production capacity on marginal lands will be critical to meeting this demand. A 5‐year research effort was undertaken to evaluate lamb and sward productivity within open and hardwood silvopasture (SP) systems in Appalachia, USA. Grazing began in mid to late April each year, with the grazing season averaging 141 d. Grazing system treatments during 2002 and 2003 grazing seasons were as follows: 100% open pasture (OP), 67% OP and 33% SP, and 67% OP and 33% SP with delayed SP grazing initiation (OSD). In 2004, a 100% SP (SP) system was added. Animals were rotationally stocked through either 6 (2002–2004) or 7 (2005–2006) paddocks. Open pasture produced greater (P < 0·001) grazing season herbage yield, while all systems generated similar animal performance. Based on summer solstice, herbage production in spring was greater (P < 0·001) than summer, except in 2003. Total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) content was greater (P < 0·05) in spring than in summer, except in 2004. Animal performance was superior in spring versus summer (P < 0·001). Animal plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) was lower (P < 0·05) for OP in 2003. When PUN was correlated with nutritive value indicators, the ratio of TNC to crude protein (CP) had the strongest correlation. The strong correlation indicates the need for synchronized ruminal energy and CP availability. Development of silvopasture from existing woodlots has potential to improve whole farm productivity on marginal lands.     

植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况

为了助力实现草莓的安全生产,对一类能诱导植物产生免疫防御反应的植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况进行综述。主要阐述了植物免疫诱导剂的种类、诱导机理及其在草莓栽培上的应用现状,发现:植物免疫诱导剂能促进草莓生长和发育、诱导抗病性、提高产量、改善果实品质、提高耐贮性等,从而减少了化学农药的使用,有利于草莓高质量生产,应用前景广阔。